Để nắm vững cấu trúc ngữ pháp của câu điều kiện, người học nên kết hợp với giải bài tập câu điều kiện 1, 2, 3. Điều này giúp hiểu sâu, nhớ lâu và tránh nhầm lẫn các điểm ngữ pháp của tiếng Anh khác. Sau đây, hãy cùng chúng tôi khám phá phần Tổng hợp bài tập về câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3 (có đáp án) nhé.
1. Tổng quan về lý thuyết câu điều kiện
1.1 Câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 được dùng để nói về những tình huống có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai và hậu quả của chúng.
+ Cấu trúc: If + S + Vs/es, S + will + V-inf
+ Cấu trúc đảo ngữ: Should + S1 + V-inf, S2 + will/may/should/can + V-inf= If + S1 + V (s, es), S2 + will/may/should/can + V-inf
Ví dụ:
- If you win, you will become famous. (Nếu bạn chiến thắng, bạn sẽ trở nên nổi tiếng).
- She’ll get wet if she doesn’t take an umbrella. (Cô ấy sẽ bị ướt nếu cô ấy không mang theo dù)
- Câu gốc: If you study hard, you will pass the exam -> Should you study hard, you will pass the exam. (Nếu bạn học hành chăm chỉ, bạn sẽ đỗ kỳ thi)
Lưu ý: Trong vài trường hợp, bạn có thể dùng “may” để thay thế cho “will” trong mệnh đề chính nhằm nói về một sự việc trong tương lai nhưng không chắc chắn.
Ví dụ: If she practices every day, she may become a great pianist. (Nếu cô ấy
luyện tập mỗi ngày, cô ấy có thể trở thành một nghệ sĩ piano xuất sắc.)
1.2 Câu điều kiện loại 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 dùng để giả định những tình huống trái với thực tế ở hiện tại.
+ Cấu trúc:
- If + S + V-ed /V2, S + would/ could/ should + V1 hoặc
- If + S + were, S + would/ could/ should + V1
+ Cấu trúc đảo ngữ: Were + S1 + (to V), S2 + would/might/could + V-inf= If + S1 + Ved, S2 + would/might/could + V-inf
Ví dụ:
- If we had an argument, I would apologize. (Nếu chúng ta có một cuộc tranh cãi, tôi sẽ xin lỗi)
- I would be angry if she told a lie. (Tôi sẽ tức giận nếu cô ấy nói dối)
Cấu trúc đảo ngữ: - Câu gốc: If she called me, I would help her. -> Were she to call me, I would help her. (Nếu cô ấy gọi cho tôi, tôi sẽ giúp cô ấy)
1.3 Câu điều kiện loại 3
Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng để giả định những tình huống không có thật trong quá khứ.
+ Cấu trúc: If + S + had + Vpp, S + would/could/should (not) + have + Vpp
+ Cấu trúc đảo ngữ:
Had + S1 + V3, S2 + would/might/could + have + V3.= If + S1 + had + V3/pp, S2 + would/might/could + have + V3/pp.
Ví dụ:
- If he had caught the train, he would have arrived on time. (Nếu anh ấy bắt kịp chuyến tàu, anh ấy sẽ đến nơi đúng giờ.)
- Câu gốc: If she had told me, I would have helped her. -> Had she told me, I would have helped her. (Nếu cô ấy kể với tôi, tôi sẽ giúp cô ấy)
Lưu ý: Cấu trúc “Unless” (tương đương “if not”) mang ý nghĩa phủ định, có thể hiểu theo tiếng Việt là “trừ khi” hoặc “nếu không”.
Ví dụ: Unless I study harder, I will not pass the exam. (Nếu tôi không học chăm chỉ hơn, tôi sẽ không đỗ kỳ thi)
1.4 Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Mô tả một tình huống không thực tế trong quá khứ và kết quả được giả định ở hiện tại.
- If he hadn’t missed the flight, he would be in Spain now. (Nếu anh ấy không bị lỡ chuyến bay, anh ấy sẽ có mặt tại Tây Ban Nha bây giờ.)
+ Past perfect would/could/ might + infinitive (Mô tả một tình huống hiện tại và kết quả được giả định trong quá khứ)
- If I were you, I would have stayed longer. (Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ ở lại đó lâu hơn.)
+ Past simple (“were” for “be”) would/could/ might have + past participle
2. Bài tập về câu điều kiện 1, 2, 3 có đáp án
2.1 Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 1
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. I _________ (not be) surprised if you _________ (enjoy) that film.
2. If Helen _________ (come), there ___________ (not be) enough seats.
3. If they __________ (work) hard, they ___________ (pass) their exams.
4. We ________ (have) a barbecue if it _______ (not rain).
5. If I _______ (go) to London, I _________ (send) you a postcard.
Exercise 2: Underline the correct words.
1. Will you write to me if I give/ will give you my email address?
2. If we win / will win this match, we’ll be in the finals.
3. If the new Bond film comes / will come to our cinema, I go / ‘ll go and see it.
4. How does / will Sandy get back tonight if she can’t find a taxi?
5. I am / will be surprised if this film gets / will get an award.
6. Do you / Will you make dinner tonight if I do / will do the shopping?
7. If I hear / will hear that song one more time, I scream / will scream!
8. What do they / will they do if they don’t / won’t pass their exams?
Exercise 3: Match the sentence beginnings with the endings. Write sentences using the first conditional. Use a comma where necessary.
| 1. We (miss) the train | h | a) he (probably buy) another once. |
| 2. (you / help) me with my physics | b) I (give) it back tomorrow. | |
| 3. If you (tell) me that secret | c) I (not tell) anyone else. | |
| 4. She (fall off) her horse in a minute | d) if he (be) at the party? | |
| 5. If you (lend) me £20 | e) if I (help) you with your French tomorrow? | |
| 6. (you / talk) to Alex | f) if she (go) to the States this summer? | |
| 7. How long (she / stay) in California | g) if she (not ride) more slowly. | |
| 8. If the police (not find) his bike soon | h) if we (not leave) now. |
1. We’ll miss the train if we don’t leave now.
2. …………………………………………………………………………….
3. …………………………………………………………………………….
4. …………………………………………………………………………….
5. …………………………………………………………………………….
6. …………………………………………………………………………….
7. …………………………………………………………………………….
8. …………………………………………………………………………….
Answer:
Exercise 1:
1. won’t be – enjoy
2. comes – won’t be
3. work – will pass
4. will have – doesn’t rain
5. go – will send
Exercise 2:
1. give
2. win
3. comes; ‘ll go
4. will
5. will be; gets
6. Will you; do
7. hear; will scream
8. will they; don’t
Exercise 3:
1. h → We’ll miss the train if we don’t leave now.
2. e → Will you help me with my physics if I help you with your French tomorrow?
3. c → If you tell me that secret, I won’t tell anyone else.
4. g → She’ll fall off her horse in a minute if she doesn’t ride more slowly.
5. b → If you lend me £20, I’ll give it back tomorrow.
6. d → Will you talk to Alex if he’s at the party?
7. f → How long will she stay in California if she goes to the States this summer?
8. a → If the police don’t find his bike soon, he’ll probably buy another one.
2.2 Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 2
Exercise 1: Underline the correct words.
1 If I didn’t / wouldn’t work hard, I didn’t / wouldn’t pass my exam.
2 If he played / ‘d play a musical instrument, he chose / ‘d choose the saxophone.
3 Where did / would you live if you moved / ‘d move to another country?
4 My parents were / would be delighted if I went / ‘d go to university.
5 If you had / ‘d have $10,000, what did / would you spend it on?
Exercise 2: Match the sentence beginnings with the endings.
| 1. If I had enough money, | c | a) if I had wings and could fly! |
| 2. If we had a mobile with us, | b) she would be less annoying. | |
| 3. It would be fantastic | c) I’d buy an electric guitar. | |
| 4. I would tell you the answer | d) if I were you. | |
| 5. If she didn’t talk so much, | e) we could phone for help. | |
| 6. I wouldn’t ask her for advice | f) if I knew it. |
Exercise 3: Write sentences using the second conditional. Don’t forget the comma where necessary. If I (be) the prime minister / I (build) more hospitals.
If I was the prime minister, I would build more hospitals.
1. I ________ (not ask) Bob for help / if I _________ (be) you
2. He _________ (have) more money / if he ___________ (not spend) all his time dreaming
3. If people ________ (not drive) so much / this town _________ (be) cleaner
4. If you _________ (wear) a coat / you __________ (not feel) cold
5. I _________ (not have to) do the washing-up / if we __________ (have) a dishwasher
Answer:
Exercise 1:
1 If I didn’t / wouldn’t work hard, I didn’t / wouldn’t pass my exam.
2 If he played / ‘d play a musical instrument, he chose / ‘d choose the saxophone.
3 Where did / would you live if you moved / ‘d move to another country?
4 My parents were / would be delighted if I went / ‘d go to university.
5 If you had / ‘d have $10,000, what did / would you spend it on?
Exercise 2:
1c – 2e – 3a – 4f – 5b – 6d
Exercise 3:
1. I wouldn’t ask Bob for help if I were you.
2. He would have more money if he didn’t spend all his time dreaming.
3. If people didn’t drive so much, this town would be cleaner.
4. If you wore a coat, you wouldn’t feel cold.
5. I wouldn’t have to do the washing-up if we had a dishwasher.
2.3 Bài tập câu điều kiện loại 3
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form.
1. If I had known that my friend was in hospital, I ____________ (go) to see her.
2. I did not see you in the pool yesterday. If I had seen you, I ___________ (swim) with you.
3. My mother did not go to the gym yesterday. She _________ (go) if she had not been so tired.
4. She ____________ (not/ leave) home if her father had not disturbed her.
5. The view of the mountain was wonderful. If I had had a camera, I _________ (take) some pictures.
6. She was not thirsty. If she had been thirsty, she ______________ (drink) some water.
7. If my grandmother had gone to the university, she ___________ (study) science. She likes science a lot.
Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer.
1. Mary would have visited her old friend before if there ________ quite a lot of people there.
A. hadn’t B. wouldn’t be C. hadn’t been D. wasn’t
2. If you had caught the bus, you ______ late for school.
A. wouldn’t have been B. wouldn’t be C. would be D. would have been
3. If you ____________ your homework, you would have had no trouble at school.
A. had done B. would do C. did D. do
4. If ___________ as I told her, she wouldn’t have had many mistakes.
A. she has done B. she does C. she had done D. she did
5. If Mel had asked her teacher, he _________ her questions.
A. answered B. could answer C. had answered D. could have answered
Exercise 3: Complete the third conditional sentences with the verbs in brackets.
1. If I _________ (be) hungry, I _____________ (buy) a sandwich in the buffet car.
2. We ___________ (book) a cabin if they ___________ (not be) so expensive.
3. If we ______________ (stop) at the filling station, we __________ (not run out) of petrol.
4. If you (look) at the departures board, you (know) which gate to go to.
5. What _______ you _______(do) if the airline _______ (lose) your luggage?
6. We _________ (not go) out on deck if the weather _______ (not be) so lovely.
7. If you ________ (find) a bag on a train, you _________ (take) it to the lost property office?
8. I ________ (not use) the car park if I _______ (can) park on the street.
9. If I _________(need) a taxi, I ________ (wait) at the taxi rank.
Exercise 4: Write questions using the prompts.
1. where / you / go / on holiday / last summer / if / you / have / the choice?
_____________________________________________________________
2. what / you / do / if / you / feel ill / this morning?
_____________________________________________________________
3. what / you / buy / last weekend / if / you / have / lots of money?
_____________________________________________________________
4. what / you / do / if / today / be / a public holiday?
_____________________________________________________________
5. what film / you / see / if / go / to the cinema / last night?
_____________________________________________________________
6. what / you / eat / yesterday evening / if / you / have / the choice?
_____________________________________________________________
Answer:
Exercise 1:
1. would have gone
2. would have swum
3. would have gone
4. would not have left
5. would have taken
6. would have drunk
7. would have studied
Exercise 2:
1. C
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. D
Exercise 3:
1. had been, would have bought
2. would have booked, hadn’t been
3. had stopped, wouldn’t have run out
4. had looked, would have known
5. would, have done, had lost
6. wouldn’t have gone, hadn’t been
7. had found, would, have taken
8. wouldn’t have used, could have parked
9. had needed, would have waited
Exercise 4:
1. Where would you have gone on holiday last summer if you had had the choice?
2. What would you have done if you had felt ill this morning?
3. What would you have bought last weekend if you had had lots of money?
4. What would you have done if today had been a public holiday?
5. What film would you have seen if you had gone to the cinema last night?
6. What would you have eaten yesterday evening if you had had the choice?
2.4 Bài tập hỗn hợp về câu điều kiện loại 1, 2, 3
Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with the third conditional form of the verbs in the parentheses.
1. If I ________ (pass) my driving test last month, I would have bought a car.
2. The job __________ (be done) much faster if there’d been more people helping.
3. If they __________ (go) to bed early, they __________ (not/wake) up late.
4. If she _________ (go) to art school, she _________ (become) a painter.
5. She _________ (not/leave) you alone if she _______ (know) you were ill.
6. If I __________ (complain) in the shop, they might have given me a discount.
Exercise 2: Read the situations and choose the correct sentence using the third conditional.
1. I wasn’t thirsty. I didn’t drink the lemonade.
a. If I was thirsty, I would drink the lemonade.
b. If I had been thirsty, I would’ve drunk the lemonade.
c. If I would have been thirsty, I drank the lemonade.
2. I didn’t know Kirsty was in town. I didn’t call her.
a. If I had known Kirsty was in town, I would have called her.
b. I had called Kirsty if I had known she was in town.
c. I would had called Kirsty if I have known she was in town.
3. I didn’t know watching this documentary was important for our exam. I didn’t watch it.
a. If I knew this documentary was important, I had watched it.
b. If I would have known this documentary was important, I had watched it.
c. If I had known this documentary was important, I would’ve watched it.
4. I walked home from the disco. My friend was too drunk to drive.
a. I hadn’t walked home from the disco if my friend wasn’t too drunk to drive.
b. I wouldn’t have walked home from the disco if my friend hadn’t been too drunk to drive.
c. I walked home from the disco if my friend wasn’t too drunk to drive.
5. I didn’t go to the store. I thought it closed at 5pm. It closed at 6pm.
a. If I had known the store had closed at 6pm, I would’ve gone.
b. If I knew the store would have closed at 6pm, I would’ve gone.
c. I would’ve gone to the store if I know it had closed at 6pm.
6. I ate the yoghurt in the fridge. I thought it was mine, not yours.
a. If I would have known the yoghurt was yours, I wouldn’t have eaten it.
b. If I had known the yoghurt was yours, I wouldn’t have eaten it.
c. I hadn’t eaten the yoghurt if I knew it was yours.
7. I am really hungry now. I didn’t have any breakfast.
a. If I had some breakfast, I wouldn’t be hungry now.
b. If I would had had some breakfast, I wouldn’t be hungry now.
c. If I had had some breakfast, I wouldn’t be hungry now.
8. I didn’t see Tony at the party. I wanted to speak to him about his vacation in France.
a. If I saw Tom at the party, I would’ve spoken to him.
b. If I had seen Tom at the party, I would’ve spoken to him.
c. If I would have seen Tom at the party, I would’ve spoken to him.
Exercise 3: Complete the conditional sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the correct form of the words in parentheses.
1. I didn’t bring my waterproof camera. I couldn’t take photos at the underwater museum (remember, be able)
If I had remembered to bring my waterproof camera, I would have been able to take photos at the underwater museum.
2 I’m glad they didn’t build the underwater amusement park. Just imagine the impact on the reefs. (build, have a negative impact)
Had_____________________________________________________________________
3. I don’t speak French, so I didn’t understand most of what the tour guide was saying. (know, miss)
If________________________________________________________________________
4. We campaigned successfully against the new development. Thanks to that, we can still see the ocean from our window. (our campaign, be successful, be able)
If__________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. I _________ (understand) what other people on the tour were saying if I _________ (speak) Spanish.
2. I __________ (do) a helicopter tour if they (not be) a major source of noise pollution.
3. If we __________ (not act) to protect coral reefs soon, damage ___________ (be) irreparable and future generations (not be) able to enjoy them.
4. If people _________ (not campaign) against the proposals, today our town (look) very different.
5. Temperatures ____________ (continue) to rise over the next few years unless carbon emissions____________ (be) reduced quickly.
6. If the Historical Society ___________ (not monitor) the construction sites, many artifacts _________(destroy) and ______ (not be) on display at the museum.
Answer:
Exercise 1:
1. had passed
2. would have been done
3. had gone – wouldn’t have woken
4. had gone – could have become
5. wouldn’t have left – had known
6. had complained
Exercise 2:
1. b 2. a 3. c 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b
Exercise 3:
2. they built the underwater amusement park, it would have had a negative impact on the reefs.
3. I knew/ I’d known French, I wouldn’t have missed what the tour guide was saying.
4. our campaign against the new development hadn’t been successful, we wouldn’t have been able to see the ocean from our window. / our campaign against the new development hadn’t been successful, we wouldn’t be able to see the ocean from our window.
Exercise 4:
1 would have understood – spoke/ had spoken
2 would do – weren’t
3 don’t act – will be – won’t be
4 hadn’t campaigned – would looked
5 will continue – are
6 hadn’t monitored – would have been destroyed – wouldn’t have been/ wouldn’t be
Thông qua phần tổng hợp bài tập về câu điều kiện loại 1 2 3, chúng tôi hy vọng bạn đọc có thể áp dụng thường xuyên vào việc giải bài tập để nắm vững lý thuyết và cách sử dụng của từng loại. Chúc bạn đạt được điểm cao trong kỳ thi nhé!